the exclusion of trans athletes from female events

The World Athletics Council has ruled that any athlete who has been through male puberty will not be allowed to compete in women's track and field events, regardless of their current hormonal levels. The Council had held discussions with stakeholders, including 40 national federations, the International Olympic Committee and trans groups about how to incorporate transgender athletes. The majority agreed that trans athletes should not compete in female events, as there is insufficient evidence that trans women do not retain advantage over biological women. The IOC has also faced criticism and repeated calls for issuing more specific requirements for some sports. In 2022, the international swimming governing body World Aquatics banned transgender participation in women's events for athletes who had completed any part of male puberty.

The International Rugby League later adopted similar rules. Lord Sebastian Coe argued last year that "testosterone is the key determinant in performance" as he vowed to protect "the integrity and future of women's sport."